BMW was doing it in 1977:
The 1977 320 Turbo used a massively
turbocharged 2.0-liter Formula 2 M12 powerplant. BMW figured these things to be putting out
650 hp, pretty outrageous for a four-cylinder, even today. These engines spurred on the development of BMW's turbocharged F1 cars of the 1980s, and the technological arms race that ensued is legendary.
https://www.roadandtrack.com/motorsp...ic-collection/